Pasteurella

 Pasteurella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria.^[1][2] Pasteurella species are nonmotile and pleomorphic, and often exhibit bipolar staining ("safety pin" appearance). Most species are catalase- and oxidase-positive.^[3] The genus is named after the French chemist and microbiologist, Louis Pasteur, who first identified the bacteria now known as Pasteurella multocida as the agent of chicken cholera.

Pasteurella
Gram-stained photomicrograph depicting numerous Pasteurella multocida bacteria
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Pasteurellales
Family:	Pasteurellaceae
Genus:	Pasteurella Trevisan 1887
Species
P. aerogenes P. anatis P. avium P. bettyae P. caballi P. canis P. dagmatis P. gallicida P. gallinarum P. granulomatis P. langaaensis P. lymphangitidis P. mairii P. multocida P. oralis P. pneumotropica P. skyensis P. stomatis P. testudinis P. trehalosi P. ureae P. volantium

PathogenesisEdit

See also: Pasteurellosis

Many Pasteurella species are zoonotic pathogens, and humans can acquire an infection from domestic animal bites.^[4][5] In cattle, sheep, and birds, Pasteurella species can cause a life-threatening pneumonia; in cats and dogs, however, Pasteurella is not a cause of disease, and constitutes part of the normal flora of the nose and mouth.^[6] Pasteurella haemolytica is a species that infects mainly cattle and horses: P. multocida is the most frequent causative agent in human Pasteurella infection.^[7] Common symptoms of pasteurellosis in humans include swelling, cellulitis, and bloody drainage at the site of the wound. Infection may progress to nearby joints, where it can cause further swelling, arthritis, and abscesses.^[6]

Pasteurella spp. are generally susceptible to chloramphenicol, the penicillins, tetracycline, and the macrolides.^[6]

The common occurrence of the bacteria is a reason to be medically proactive and defensive (antibacterial treatments are often necessary) if a bite occurs.^[8]

In animalsEdit

P. multocida is also known to cause morbidity and mortality in rabbits. The predominant syndrome is upper respiratory disease. P. multocida can be endemic among rabbit colonies and is often transmitted through nasal secretions. P. multocida can survive several days in water or moist areas.^[9] Pasturella can be transmitted through the bite of a dog.^[10]

Antibiotic sensitivityEdit

P. multocida is highly sensitive to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, chloramphinicol, and ampicillin.

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.