Azotobacter vinelandii is Gram-negative diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically.[2][3] It is a genetically tractable system that is used to study nitrogen fixation. These bacteria are easily cultured and grown.
A. vinelandii is a free-living N2 fixer known to produce many phytohormones and vitamins in soils. It produces fluorescent pyoverdine pigments.[4]
The nitrogenase holoenzyme of A. vinelandii has been characterised by X-ray crystallography in both ADP tetrafluoroaluminate-bound[5] and MgATP-bound[6] states. The enzyme possesses molybdenum iron-sulfido cluster cofactors (FeMoco) as active sites, each bearing two pseudocubic iron-sulfido structures.
Variable ploidy
A. vinelandii can contain up to 80 chromosome copies per cell.[7] However this is only seen in fast growing culture, whereas cultures grown in synthetic minimal media are not polyploid.
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